Tooth pain (toothache) is one of the most common dental problems people face. It can range from mild discomfort to severe throbbing pain that makes it difficult to eat, sleep, or concentrate.
Major Causes of Tooth Pain
1.Cavities (Tooth Decay)
- When bacteria eat away at the enamel (outer layer of the tooth), a hole or cavity forms.
- This exposes the inner layers of the tooth, causing sensitivity or pain.
2.Gum Disease (Gingivitis or Periodontitis)
- Swollen or infected gums can cause pain around the tooth.
- If untreated, gums may bleed, pull away from the teeth, or loosen the tooth.
3.Tooth Abscess (Infection at Root)
- A pocket of pus forms due to untreated decay or gum disease.
- This often causes severe, throbbing pain, swelling, and sometimes fever.
4.Cracked or Broken Tooth
- A fracture in the tooth from biting something hard, injury, or grinding can expose nerves, leading to sharp pain.
5.Tooth Sensitivity
- Worn enamel, gum recession, or tiny cracks in teeth may cause pain when eating hot, cold, sweet, or sour foods.
6.Impacted Wisdom Teeth
- Wisdom teeth stuck in the gums or jaw can press on nearby teeth and cause pain.
7.Dental Work-Related Pain
- Sometimes temporary pain occurs after fillings, crowns, or orthodontic treatment. This usually settles in a few days.
8.Other Causes (Non-Dental)
- In rare cases, pain near the teeth may come from sinus infection, ear infection, or jaw problems (TMJ disorder).
Solutions for Tooth Pain
Temporary Relief at Home (not a cure)
- Rinse with warm salt water
- Use a cold compress on the cheek to reduce swelling
- Take over-the-counter painkillers (paracetamol/ibuprofen) if suitable
- Avoid very hot, cold, or sweet foods until you see a dentist
Remember: These are temporary measures. They may ease pain, but do not treat the root cause.
Dental Treatments (Long-Term Solutions)
- Filling: For small cavities, the decayed portion is removed and filled with a dental material.
- Root Canal Treatment: For severe decay or infection that has reached the nerve. The infected tissue is cleaned and sealed, saving the tooth.
- Crown (Cap): Placed on a broken or root canal–treated tooth to restore strength and function.
- Scaling & Cleaning: To treat gum disease and remove tartar buildup.
- Extraction: If the tooth is badly damaged and cannot be saved, removal may be the best option.
- Antibiotics & Pain Relief: In cases of abscess or infection, medicines may be prescribed before further treatment.
When to See a Dentist Immediately
- Severe pain that doesn’t go away
- Swelling of the face or jaw
- Fever with tooth pain (sign of infection)
- Difficulty opening the mouth or swallowing
- Pain lasting more than 1–2 days
Takeaway: Tooth pain is a warning sign that something is wrong. Ignoring it usually makes the problem worse. Early dental treatment can save your tooth and prevent serious complications.