Healthy gums are the foundation of healthy teeth. Gum diseases are very common but often ignored until they become serious. The two main types are gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis (Early Stage of Gum Disease)
What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease. It happens when plaque (a sticky layer of bacteria) builds up on teeth and irritates the gums.
Causes:
- Poor brushing and flossing habits
- Plaque and tartar (hardened plaque) buildup
- Hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty)
- Smoking or chewing tobacco
- Diabetes or weak immunity
Symptoms:
- Red, swollen gums
- Bleeding while brushing or flossing
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Mild gum tenderness
Treatment:
- Professional dental cleaning (scaling & polishing) to remove plaque and tartar
- Improved oral hygiene (brushing twice daily, flossing)
- Regular dental check-ups If treated early, gingivitis is completely reversible.
Periodontitis (Advanced Gum Disease)
What is Periodontitis?
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis – a more serious gum infection. This affects not just the gums but also the bone that supports the teeth.
Causes:
- Untreated gingivitis
- Heavy plaque and tartar buildup under the gums
- Smoking
- Family history of gum disease
- Poorly controlled diabetes
Symptoms:
- Gums pulling away from the teeth (receding gums)
- Pockets forming between gums and teeth
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Persistent bad breath or bad taste
- Pain while chewing
- In severe cases: tooth loss
Treatment:
- Deep Cleaning (Scaling & Root Planing): Cleans plaque and tartar from under the gums
- Medications: Antibiotics or antimicrobial rinses to control infection
- Surgery (in advanced cases): Gum surgery, flap surgery, or bone grafts to rebuild support
- Maintenance: Regular follow-up cleanings to prevent recurrence
Periodontitis is not reversible, but it can be controlled with proper dental care to prevent further damage.
Why is Gum Health Important?
- Healthy gums keep your teeth strong and stable.
- Gum disease is linked to other health problems like heart disease, diabetes, and pregnancy complications.
- Preventing gum disease also helps keep your breath fresh and your smile attractive.
Prevention of Gum Diseases
- Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
- Floss or use interdental brushes to clean between teeth
- Avoid smoking or chewing tobacco
- Eat a balanced diet and drink plenty of water
- Visit your dentist every 6 months for cleaning and check-ups
Takeaway:
Gum disease starts silently – often without pain – but can lead to serious problems like tooth