What are Dental Cavities?
Dental cavities (also called tooth decay or caries) are holes or damage in the tooth caused by bacteria. They start small but, if left untreated, can grow bigger, reach the nerve of the tooth, and cause pain or infection. Cavities are one of the most common dental problems worldwide.
How Do Cavities Form?
- Plaque Formation – After eating, especially sugary or starchy foods, bacteria in the mouth form a sticky layer called plaque.
- Acid Attack – These bacteria convert sugars into acids that attack and weaken the tooth enamel (outer layer).
- Enamel Breakdown – With repeated acid attacks, the enamel develops tiny holes.
- Deeper Decay – If not treated, decay spreads into the dentin (inner layer) and may reach the pulp (nerve), causing pain and infection.
Causes & Risk Factors
- Poor brushing and flossing habits
- Eating too many sweets, soft drinks, or junk food
- Not visiting the dentist regularly
- Dry mouth (less saliva means less natural cleaning)
- Deep grooves in teeth that trap food easily
- Worn-out or broken fillings
Symptoms of Dental Cavities
- White or dark spots on teeth
- Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods\
- Pain when biting or chewing
- Visible holes or pits in the tooth
- Bad breath or unpleasant taste
- In severe cases: swelling, abscess, or throbbing toothache
Treatment of Cavities
The treatment depends on how far the decay has spread:
- Early Stage (Surface Decay)
- Treatment: Fluoride treatment or filling to stop and repair the damage.
- Moderate Decay
- Treatment: Dental Filling – The decayed portion is cleaned and filled with a tooth-colored material.
- Extensive Decay (Deep into Dentin)
- Treatment: Root Canal Treatment followed by a crown (cap) to save the tooth.
- Severely Damaged Tooth (Cannot Be Saved)
- Treatment: Extraction (removal) of the tooth, followed by replacement (implant, bridge, or denture).
Prevention of Cavities (Best Solution!)
- Brush teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
- Floss daily to clean between teeth
- Limit sugary foods, sodas, and sticky snacks
- Drink plenty of water (especially fluoridated water)
- Visit your dentist every 6 months for check-ups and cleaning
- Dental sealants (protective coating) can be applied to children’s molars to prevent cavities
Takeaway:
Dental cavities are preventable. With proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups, you can keep your teeth healthy for life. If you notice pain, sensitivity, or dark spots on your teeth, don’t wait – visit your dentist early to save your tooth.